Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the area of computer science focusing on creating machines that can engage on behaviors that humans consider intelligent Artificial Intelligence, or AI for short, is a combination of computer science, physiology, and philosophy. AI is a broad topic, consisting of different fields, from machine vision to expert systems. The element that the fields of AI have in common is the creation of machines that can "think". Like other definitions of complex topics, and understanding of AI requires an understanding of related terms such as intelligence , knowledge , reasoning, thought, and a number of computer related terms .The central goals of Artificial Intelligence are to make computers more useful and to understand the principles which make intelligence possible .This is a rather straightforward definition, but it embodies certain assumptions about the idea of intelligence and the relationship between human reasoning and computation which are, in some circles, quite controversial The coupling of the study of how to make computers useful with the study of the principles which underlie human intelligence clearly implies that the researcher expects the two to be related. Indeed, in the newly developing field of cognitive science, computer models of thought are explicitly used to describe human capabilities.
An engineering definition : AI is about generating representations and procedures that automatically ( or autonomously) solve problems heretofore solved by humans. This aspect repeatedly enforced throughout the text by the many appearances of the terms knowledge representation and manipulation. The manipulation includes the creation of new facts , concepts, structures and so on.
To gain a better understanding of AI it s also useful to know what AI is not. AI is not the study and creation of conventional computer systems. Even though one can argue all programs exhibit some degree of intelligence, an AI program will go beyond this in demonstrating a high level of intelligence to a degree that equals or exceed the intelligence required of a human in performing some task.
AI is not the study of the mind , nor of the body nor of languages as customarily found in the fields of psychology , physiology , cognitive science or linguistics.
Finally a better understanding of AI is gained by looking at the component areas of study. These include topics such as robotics, memory organisation , knowledge representation , storage and recall, learning models, common sense reasoning, understanding natural language, speech recognition and synthesis and a variety of AI tools.
No comments:
Post a Comment